An electric motor is an electrical machine that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy through variable magnetic fields. Electric motors are made up of two parts, a fixed one called a stator and a mobile one called a rotor.
These generally work under the principles of magnetism, which are developed within the research. In addition to this, the classification of the same will be specified, which would be Direct Current, Alternating Current.
And Universal Motors and according to the number of phases in Single-phase, Two-phase and Three-phase, the latter being the most widely used at an industrial level.
Among the fundamental characteristics of electric motors, they make up of several elements. However, the main parts are the stator, the casing, the base, the rotor, the connection box, the covers and the bearings. However, a motor can run only with the stator and rotor.
Stator
The stator is the element that operates as a base, allowing the rotation of the motor to take place from that point. The stator does not move mechanically, but it does move magnetically. There are two types of stators
The stator is mainly made up of a set of silicon steel sheets (and they call a “package”).
It can allow the magnetic flux to pass through them with ease; the stator’s metal part and the windings provide the magnetic poles.
The poles of a motor are always pairs (they can be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc.); therefore, the minimum number of poles that a motor can have to operate is two (one north and one south).
Rotor
The rotor is the mechanical transfer element since the conversion of electrical to mechanical energy depends on it. Rotors are a set of silicon steel sheets that form a package and can be basically of three types:
The DC motors [CD] or direct current [DC .]:
They use in cases where it is crucial to continuously regulate the engine’s speed, also used in cases where it is essential to use direct current, as is the case of motors powered by cells or batteries.
This type of motor must have the same number of poles and the same number of carbons in the rotor and stator.
The casing is the part that protects and covers the stator and rotor. The material used for its manufacture depends on the type of motor, its design and its application. Thus, the casing can be:
The base is the element where all the mechanical operating force of the engine support. It can be of two types:
Also known as bearings, they contribute to the optimal operation of the rotating parts of the motor. They use to support and secure mechanical shafts and reduce friction, reducing power consumption. Bearings can divide into two general classes:
a) Sleeve bearings: They operate the base at the beginning of the oil film. That is that there is a thin layer of lubricant between the axle bar and the bearing surface.
b) Rolling bearings: They use in preference to sleeve bearings for several reasons:
An electric motor is an electrical machine that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy through electromagnetic interactions.
Some of the electric motors are reversible. They can transform mechanical energy into electrical energy by working as generators. Electric traction motors used in locomotives often perform both tasks if equipped with regenerative brakes.
They widely used in industrial, commercial and private facilities. They can work connected to a power supply network or batteries. Thus, in cars, they are beginning to use hybrid vehicles to take advantage of both.
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